Fetzima Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions

Fetzima Uses, Side Effects, Dosages, Precautions Depression Treatment Print What to Know About Fetzima (Levomilnacipran) An Antidepressant Used to Treat Major Depressive Disorder By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids Image Source / Getty Images Fetzima (levomilnacipran) is an antidepressant drug used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It comes in capsule form (extended-release) and contains the active ingredient levomilnacipran, which is a type of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). SNRIs work by blocking the neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine that play a vital role in mood. Uses Fetzima has been FDA-approved for the treatment of MDD in adults. It is not approved for use in children. Fetzima is a new version of Savella (milnacipran), a drug used to treat the symptoms of fibromyalgia. However, Fetzima should never be used for fibromyalgia. Before Taking Prior to prescribing Fetzima, your doctor will likely take into consideration the following factors: The symptoms of MDD that you struggle with mostIf you have thoughts of suicide or self-harmWhats worked for you in the past (unless this is your first major depressive episode)Whats worked for other family members with MDD (genetics can play a role in how you respond to an antidepressant)Other medications you are currently takingOther types of non-medical treatment youre receiving, such as talk therapyOther medical problems or co-occurring psychiatric conditions, including a history of bipolar disorderIf you are pregnant or breastfeeding or planning to become pregnantCurrent drug or alcohol use How Doctors Choose the Best Antidepressant for You Talk to your healthcare provider or pharmacist to see if there is any difference in choosing the brand-name drug over the generic version, especially if your insurance covers one over the other. The FDA requires generic drugs to use the same active ingredients as their brand-name counterparts and, therefore, the risks and benefits should be the same. Precautions and Contraindications If you are allergic to levomilnacipran or milnacipran, you should not use Fetzima. It is also not advisable if you have narrow-angle glaucoma. Its important to tell your doctor about all the medication you are taking, including prescription medication, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and supplements before taking Fetzima. If Fetzima is mixed with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), it can cause a potentially life-threatening reaction. Do not take Fetzima within seven days before or 14 days after you have taken an MAOI, including the antibiotic linezolid or intravenous methylene blue. Levomilnacipran has also been found to enhance the effects of medication known to increase bleeding (such as ibuprofen, warfarin, and aspirin) and to increase the levels and effects of the following drugs: Antibiotics including Biaxin (clarithromycin) and Zithromax (azithromycin)Antifungals such as Diflucan (fluconazole), Nizoral (ketoconazole), Sporanox (itraconazole)HIV medications including Norvir (ritonavir) and Crixivan (indinavir)Medication for mood, anxiety, psychotic or thought disorders, including tricyclic antidepressants, lithium, fentanyl, tryptophan, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), other serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), buspirone, amphetamines, or antipsychoticsTriptans used to treat migraine headachesTramadol for moderate to severe painDiuretics (water pills)Over-the-counter supplements such as tryptophan or St. Johns Wort According to the manufacturer, you should also talk to your doctor if you are pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant or to breastfeed, or have any of the following health conditions: High blood pressureHeart problemsKidney problems (Fetzima can cause renal impairment in relatively low doses)Bleeding problems (the drug can increase your risk of bleeding and bruising)Trouble urinatingAlcohol use disorderLow sodium levels in your bloodMania or bipolar disorderSeizures or convulsions If Fetzima doesnt work with your health history and current medications, consider asking your doctor whether a different SNRI or another type of reuptake inhibitor would work for you. Some possible options may include: Other SNRIs such as Focalin (dexmethylphenidate), Cymbalta  (duloxetine), or Pristiq  (desvenlafaxine)Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (NRIs) such as Ludiomil (maprotiline)Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (NDRIs) such as Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)Serotonin-Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNDRIs) like Effexor (venlafaxine) Dosage Fetzima is often prescribed at a low dose (20 milligrams), which is gradually increased over two days to 40mg per day. According to the manufacturer, the recommended dose ranges from 40mg to 120mg, however it’s up to your doctor to determine the right dose for you.   Always check your prescription and ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions regarding dosage. How to Take and Store Take your prescription on the schedule and follow the exact dosage your doctor prescribed. The manufacturer recommends taking Fetzima daily, at the same time each day, with or without food. Swallow the capsule whole; dont open and sprinkle in food, crush, or chew. Its best to store Fetzima at room temperature (77 °F) and to keep out of the reach of children. If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If its almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the regular time. Dont take two doses of Fetzima at the same time.   If you take too much (more than 120mg) or suspect an overdose, call 911 or the Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222. Side Effects As with any prescription medication, there are certain side effects that you may experience while using Fetzima. Common The most common adverse side effects reported by people taking Fetzima include: NauseaVomitingConstipationExcessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)Increased or irregular heart rate (tachycardia)Erectile dysfunctionHeart palpitations This is only a partial list of possible side effects for this medication. You should ask your doctor or pharmacist if you require additional information. Negative Effects of Antidepressants Severe Certain side effects, although they are quite rare, do require more serious consideration if they occur. You should seek out prompt medical assistance if you experience any of the following: High blood pressure (hypertension)Increased heart rateAbnormal bleeding or bruisingVisual problemsDifficulty with urinationMania or hypomania: Symptoms include increased energy, sleep problems, racing thoughts, impulsive behavior, grandiose thoughts, elevated mood, irritability and rapid, excessive talking.Seizures or convulsionsLow sodium in the blood: Symptoms include headache, weakness, confusion, and problems with thinking, concentration, or memory.Suicidal thoughts or actions or worsening depressionSerotonin syndrome: Symptoms include agitation, hallucinations, changes in consciousness, coordination problems, twitching muscles, rapid heartbeat, high or low blood pressure, sweating or fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or muscle rigidity.Severe allergic reaction: Symptoms include breathing difficulty, facial swelling, rash, hives, or blisters. If you experience any of the more severe side effects listed above, seek out medical assistance immediately to avoid damage to your health or possibly fatal outcomes. Warnings and Interactions Fetzima is not recommended if you are pregnant or breastfeeding (its unknown if the drug passes through breastmilk), so you should contact your doctor immediately if you become pregnant while taking the drug. Fetzima can cause sleepiness or impact your ability to make decisions, think clearly, or react quickly. Do not drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how the drug affects you. Like all antidepressants, Fetzima has a black box warning of an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or actions in  some children, teenagers, or young adults within the first few months of treatment. Pay close attention to any sudden changes in mood, behavior, thoughts, or feelings, especially when first starting the medication. If you do experience these sudden changes, report them to your doctor immediately. Its also important to keep schedule visits with your healthcare provider to discuss any ongoing symptoms or side effects. Dont try and stop the medication on your own. Although your first impulse when you experience intolerable side effects may be to stop taking your medication, its never a good idea to discontinue your antidepressant without first consulting with your doctor. Your depression may return or even become worse if you suddenly stop taking your antidepressant.  In addition, you run the risk of experiencing what is known as discontinuation syndrome, which includes a set of unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, fatigue, headaches, strange neurological sensations, and muscle aches. Your doctor will be able to best advise you about methods to better cope with or eliminate side effects and whether its a good idea to switch to a different antidepressant that will present fewer problems for you.

Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy - 5063 Words

Sarah Stone Professor Ferrari 10 April 2012 John F. Kennedy Even before John Fitzgerald Kennedy began his presidency in 1961, he viewed foreign policy as one of the most important aspects of our lives. In one speech he said, â€Å"Foreign policy today, irrespective of what we might wish, in its impact on our daily lives, overshadows everything else. Expenditures, taxation, domestic prosperity, the extent of social sciences — all hinge on the basic issue of war or peace† (JFK Library). As the first president born in the 20th century, the youngest president to be elected to office, and the youngest president to die in office, John Fitzgerald Kennedy’s time in office was brief, but full of difficult challenges in foreign affairs. I feel that he†¦show more content†¦I admire Kennedy’s optimism in the possibility of compromising with the Soviets, but I also feel that he needed to be stronger and more direct with them. Kennedy’s structure of foreign policy was much different from Eisenhowe r’s foreign policy. During the Eisenhower years, America had a detailed national security structure, with a â€Å"massive retaliation† idea, while Kennedy was more informal, with his â€Å"flexible answer†, which I think fit his New Frontier model. After the rigid structure of Eisenhower, Kennedy and his advisors wanted a new, less formal way of dealing with international affairs. He was an activist, who was very popular with generations both young and old, and I think that he brought a new idea of informality to the way the White House worked. For example, he preferred to work directly with the officers in the Department of State, and he relied on his assistant for national security affairs, McGeorge Bundy, instead of the usual Operations Coordinating Board. In dealing with crises, and seeking advice, Kennedy had a small number of close advisors that were also his friends, one of which was his brother Robert Kennedy, the attorney general (Miller Center). Very e arly in Kennedy’s presidency he had his first major conflict in foreign affairs in the Bay of Pigs, which ended in disaster. He was told of a secret planShow MoreRelatedJohn F. Kennedy s Strategy On Foreign Policy1275 Words   |  6 PagesJohn F. Kennedy’s Strategy on US Foreign Policy Although John F. Kennedy’s record on foreign policy has received mixed reviews because of his all too short presidency, Kennedy’s approach or strategy on how to deal with international issues gave the United States of America options on foreign policy, both then and now. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born to a rich and privileged family who was already a well politically connected family. The Kennedy’s fortune came from the stock market, entertainmentRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Record On Foreign Policy1304 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough John F. Kennedy’s record on foreign policy has received mixed reviews because of his all too short presidency, Kennedy’s approach or strategy on how to deal with international issues gave the United States of America options on foreign policy, both then and now. John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born to a rich and privileged family who was already a well politically connected family. The Kennedy’s fortune came from the stock market, entertainment, and other business ventures by Joseph â€Å"Joe† KennedyRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy Essay1470 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States foreign policy is an interaction between the United States and foreign nations. Foreign policy sets standards on how different organizations, corporations, and individual citizens should interact with one another. 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Near the beginning of JFK’s presidency, back in 1961, he saw greatness in the new generation, as they were the key to improving America. Kennedy wanted toRead MoreFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, Defined Success As â€Å"The1579 Words   |  7 Pagesrecollect John F. Kennedy as a successful individual during the 1950’s because of the advances he made to the growing nation. Through his years in office, Kennedy grew the economy with several policies which contributed to stronger ties with foreign countries. Not only did he stand up for the rights of African - Americans through a time of segregation, but he also helped guide the way for minority groups and followed his expression, â€Å"Get America Moving Again.† President John F. Kennedy was effectiveRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Decision Making Process1186 Words   |  5 Pagesquality that separates a good leader from a great one. In considering the governmental history of the United States, John F. Kennedy is arguably among the most successful presidents to hold the mantle of commander in chief. However, this degree was not achieved due to his infallible leadership and decision making skills. For this reason, I would like to investigate the extent to which John F. Kennedy’s decision-making process changed from the Bay of Pigs Invasion to the Cuban Missile crisis during hisRead MorePresidential Doctrines Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PRESIDENTIAL DOCTRINES Presidential Doctrines: President Kennedy and the Communist Expansion Abstract The Kennedy Doctrine was essentially an expansion of the foreign policy of the previous administrations of Dwight D. Eisenhower and Harry S. Truman, The Eisenhower doctrine focused providing both military and economic assistance to nations resisting communism and increasing trade from the U.S. to Latin America and the Truman doctrine focused on containment of communism by providingRead MoreThe Policies Of Eisenhower s Vietnam And John F. Policy1688 Words   |  7 Pagesviewed Kennedy as a young, naà ¯ve president who lacked a clear policy but the counter argument is that Kennedy was decisive and assertive. In order to judge whether John F. Kennedy lacked a clear policy in Vietnam we have to compare the policies of Dwight Eisenhower’s in Vietnam and John F. Kennedys policies and how it contradicted with their ideologies. DWIGHT EISENHOWERS FOREIGN POLICY VS. JOHN F. KENNEDYS FOREIGN POLICY The view by some historians is that The Dwight Eisenhower foreign policy was

Leadership Is A Good Leader And A Group - 1630 Words

Leadership is a process that occurs between a leader and another individual; between the leader and a group. Or between a leader and an organization, on a community, or a society; and that influences others, often by inspiring enlivening, and engaging others to participate in the achievement of goals. Leadership is a subtle art and skill. It is based on inherent qualities of the individual and developed over time, through life events and experiences that range from significant to life altering. Leadership involves influencing the attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and feelings of other people. The process of leadership involves the leader and the following in an interaction. This implies that leadership is a reciprocal relationship. Leadership requires personal mastery meaning that the nurses demonstrate leadership when they show competence and mastery in the tasks they perform. Leadership is about values, and the nurses exhibit leadership through their demonstration of cultural values t hat are embraced through individual belief systems. Nurses display their personal and professional values as they serve others, values are often entwined with ethical conflicts. Leadership is about service, it’s about people and relationships, it is contextual and it is about the management of meaning. Leadership plays a vital role in nursing it is one of the four managerial functions, along with planning, organizing, staffing and controlling. Leadership is introduced early in nurse’s educationShow MoreRelatedGroup Leadership Essay What makes a good leader?1613 Words   |  7 PagesThere are a myriad of qualities that form effective leadership. It may never be agreed upon whether leadership arises from a set of innate characteristics (leaders are born) or, rather, from observable actions (leaders are made). 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Meaning of a Monologue from Hamlet Free Essays

The proverb means one should be true to oneself. One should try to have his own identity by being himself or herself. This line is a monologue by Polonium, one of the characters of William Shakespearean â€Å"Hamlet†. We will write a custom essay sample on Meaning of a Monologue from Hamlet or any similar topic only for you Order Now This line requests/ advices a person to be truthful in his life. By engaging oneself into self deception, one will only lead his way to menace. The only way to success is through an honest and straightforward life. If we are honest then automatically we will get the friendship of honest people. We all have different thoughts and hopes. All the thoughts and hopes are very different and does not match with others. We also call all these thoughts and hopes as dreams. Our dream can be anything. The dream we see must be real and not some thin which Is Inappeasable on earth. A person can dream of being a dancer or a singer or a swimmer or a cyclist or a runner or a tennis champion or a artist or a cinema artist and these dreams are Just endless. Hen a child see a dream which moms very close and a attachment rises to our heart. We start our Journey of being of what we have dreamt. We try our best to be successful. These dreams are not as easy as It looks. The journey has a lot obstacles In Its path but Is our dream Is real then no one In the world can stop us for making a goal to our alms. A very Important thing Is trust In yourself. Elf this trust Is there then we will never lose a competition. So as a fact we should never stop Instead continue walking Into our life. How to cite Meaning of a Monologue from Hamlet, Papers

Quantitative and qualitative research free essay sample

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Learning Objectives for Chapter 4 Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to: Understand the differences between quantitative and qualitative research, including: the differing assumptions underlying the two approaches; the methods typical of each approach; and Understand and discuss how these two approaches to research differentially influence the scientific questions asked, the methodologies employed, and the conclusions drawn, and why this is important to consider. It is important to recognize that systematic observation and testing can be accomplished using a wide variety of methods. Many people think of scientific inquiry strictly in terms of laboratory experimentation. However, it is neither possible nor desirable to study all phenomena of interest under controlled laboratory conditions. The design of any study begins with the selection of a topic and a research methodology. These initial decisions reflect assumptions about the social world, how science should be conducted, and what constitutes legitimate problems, solutions, and criteria of proof. We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative and qualitative research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Different approaches to research encompass both theory and method. Two general approaches are widely recognized: quantitative research and qualitative research. Quantitative research is an inquiry into an identified problem, based on testing a theory, measured with numbers, and analyzed using statistical techniques. The goal of quantitative methods is to determine whether the predictive generalizations of a theory hold true. By contrast, a study based upon a qualitative process of inquiry has the goal of understanding a social or human problem from multiple perspectives. Qualitative esearch is conducted in a natural setting and involves a process of building a complex and holistic picture of the phenomenon of interest. The selection of which research approach is appropriate in a given study should be based upon the problem of interest, resources available, the skills and training of the researcher, and the audience for the research. Although some research may incorporate both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, in their pure form there are significant differences in the assumptions underlying these approaches, as well as in the data collection and analysis procedures used. Why is the distinction between quantitative and qualitative research important? It is important to be able to identify and understand the research approach underlying any given study because the selection of a research approach influences the questions asked, the methods chosen, the statistical analyses used, the inferences made, and the ultimate goal of the research. When critically reviewing scientific research, the questions asked, and the answers given, will differ depending upon whether the research is quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative Methods Assumptions Underlying Quantitative Methods eality is objective, out there, and independent of the researcher therefore reality is something that can be studied objectively; the researcher should remain distant and independent of what is being researched; the values of the researcher do not interfere with, or become part of, the research research is value-free; research is based primarily on deductive forms of logic and theories and hypotheses are tested in a cause-effect order; and the goal is to develop generalizations that contribute to theory that enable the researcher to predict, explain, and understand some phenomenon. 2 Experiments 0 True experiments are characterized by random assignment of subjects to experimental conditions and the use of experimental controls. 2. Quasi-Experiments 0 Quasi-experimental studies share almost all the features of experimental designs except that they involve non-randomized assignment of subjects to experimental conditions. 3. Surveys include cross-sectional and longitudinal studies using questionnaires or interviews for data collection with the intent of estimating the characteristics of a large population of interest based on a smaller sample from that population. Qualitative Methods Assumptions Underlying Qualitative Methods multiple realities exist in any given situation the researchers, those of the individuals being investigated, and the reader or audience interpreting the results; the study; the researcher interacts with those he studies and actively works to minimize the distance between the researcher and those being researched; the researcher explicitly recognizes and acknowledges the value-laden nature of the research; research is context-bound; research is based on inductive forms of logic; categories of interest emerge from nformants (subjects), rather than being identified a priori by the researcher; the goal is to uncover and discover patterns or theories that help explain a phenomenon of interest; and determinations of accuracy involve verifying the information with informants or triangulating among different sources of information (e. g. collecting information from different sources). Three general types of qualitative methods: Case Studies 0 In a case study the researcher explores a single entity or phenomenon (the case) bounded by time and activity (e. g. , a program, event, nstitution, or social group) and collects detailed information through a variety of data collection procedures over a sustained period of time. The case study is a descriptive record of an individuals experiences and/or behaviors kept by an outside observer. 2. Ethnographic Studies 0 In ethnographic research the researcher studies an intact cultural group in a natural setting over a specific period of time. A cultural group can be any group of individuals who share a common social experience, location, or other social characteristic of interest this could range from an ethnographic study of ape victims in crisis shelters, to children in foster care, to a study of a cultural group in Africa. Phenomenological Studies 0 In a phenomenological study, human experiences are examined through the detailed description of the people being studied the goal is involves researching a small group of people intensively over a long period of time. Questions to consider when evaluating scientific evidence Was a quantitative or qualitative research approach adopted? Was the research approach appropriate given the problem investigated and the goals of the research? Was the process of investigation consistent with the underlying assumptions of the research used? Were appropriate types of conclusions drawn given the research approach used?

Free Essays on 1950s And Today

The 1950s and Today As time changes so does the world. Every day we live becomes a memory for tomorrow. As I look back at these memories, I am able to notice the difference of life today. Today and the 1950s have only a few things in common. The government is pretty much the same, baseball is still loved by all Americans, and automobiles are the number one mode of transportation. Although they share some similarities, there are more things different between now and the 1950s. Compared to fifty years ago, technology is at its finest, the cost of living is at its highest, and our moral values are at their lowest.Our technology today is greater than ever before. Every year science continues to amaze us. In 1950 space travel was just an idea. Now days people go into space all the time. I think the best example of the difference in technology is the computer. Fifty years ago computers were very rare. They were only found in high-tech laboratories such as NASA. Also they were the size of refrigerators, some a s big as a movie theater screen. Today we have computers in almost every home. Some are as small as a notebook, and can fit right on your lap. With the way technology has changed since 1950, you can only imagine what to expect fifty years from now. Cost of living is another major difference from 1950. It costs over five times as much to live today as it did back then. Every year inflation continues to grow. The value of a dollar today is nothing compared to what it used to be. A gallon of gas now costs nearly two dollars, as apposed to then when it was less than a dime. The price of housing has increased dramatically. You used to be able to buy a decent home for the price you have to pay for rent these days. Back then if you wanted to buy a car, you could pick up a nice one for only a few hundred. Now a days, that is hardly enough for a down payment. Every day living was a small fraction of what it would cost to survive to... Free Essays on 1950s And Today Free Essays on 1950s And Today The 1950s and Today As time changes so does the world. Every day we live becomes a memory for tomorrow. As I look back at these memories, I am able to notice the difference of life today. Today and the 1950s have only a few things in common. The government is pretty much the same, baseball is still loved by all Americans, and automobiles are the number one mode of transportation. Although they share some similarities, there are more things different between now and the 1950s. Compared to fifty years ago, technology is at its finest, the cost of living is at its highest, and our moral values are at their lowest.Our technology today is greater than ever before. Every year science continues to amaze us. In 1950 space travel was just an idea. Now days people go into space all the time. I think the best example of the difference in technology is the computer. Fifty years ago computers were very rare. They were only found in high-tech laboratories such as NASA. Also they were the size of refrigerators, some as big as a movie theater screen. Today we have computers in almost every home. Some are as small as a notebook, and can fit right on your lap. With the way technology has changed since 1950, you can only imagine what to expect fifty years from now. Cost of living is another major difference from 1950. It costs over five times as much to live today as it did back then. Every year inflation continues to grow. The value of a dollar today is nothing compared to what it used to be. A gallon of gas now costs nearly two dollars, as apposed to then when it was less than a dime. The price of housing has increased dramatically. You used to be able to buy a decent home for the price you have to pay for rent these days. Back then if you wanted to buy a car, you could pick up a nice one for only a few hundred. Now a days, that is hardly enough for a down payment. Every day living was a small fraction of what it would cost to survive to...

I wish I were…

I wish I were†¦ I wish I were I wish I were By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders whether to use was or were in the following examples: I wish I wereorI wish I was If only it wasor If only it were What is the rule?   With these examples, the choice is obvous because the words wish and if only make it clear that the speaker is talking about something that is not so. In such a case the subjunctive is called for: I wish I were If only it were Sometimes the choice whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative is not so clear. To a large extent, English speakers dont pay much attention to the subjunctive. As long ago as 1926 H.W. Fowler called the subjunctive in English moribund. He went further and suggested that it never was possible to draw up a consistent table of uses of the subjunctive in English that would correspond to such tables for Latin. Although the subjunctive is not a big deal in English, some uses of it are still alive and not difficult to master. Depending on context, the choice between indicative and subjunctive can be as obvious as the examples with wish and if only. If I were/if he were/if she were These forms are called for when the statement refers to a state outside reality: If he were Governor he could pardon you. (Hes not the Governor.) If I were you, Id fix that leaky roof. (Im not you.) If she were an animal, shed be an armadillo. (Shes not an animal.) If I was/if he was/if she was These forms are called for when the statement refers to a state of being that existed, or could have existed in actual time: If he was ill, no wonder he left the oysters untouched. If I was unkind to you in those days, please forgive me. If she was lost in the woods, no one can blame her for being late. Sometimes the speaker must decide according to intended meaning: If she were sensible, shed order a background check on him. (I know her and shes not sensible.) If she was sensible, shed order a background check on him. (I dont know if shes sensible or not. She may be.) In his DCBLOG, David Crystal gives this example overheard in conversation: A If Jane was right for the part, Id cast her. B But thats the point. Is she right? A Well if she were, Id cast her, thats all Im saying This example shows an intermingling of indicative and subjunctive to achieve nuances of meaning. Stated rule at OWL DWT article on Mood Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†Five Spelling Rules for "Silent Final E"A Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases